history in film

• American independents and foreign filmmakers were creating feature length movies
• The Trust clung to the familiar short-film format
• the Patents Trust also resisted turning their stock actors into recognizable performers,
• the outlaws like Laemmle and Zukor were developing the star system into a powerful marketing tool.
• the outlaws were not only capitalizing on California's optimal year-round outdoor shooting conditions
• they were also pioneering a division between the east-coast business headquarters and the west-coast production operation 
• that became another trademark of the Hollywood studio system.
• these innovations originated within the ranks of the Patents Company
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